IntroductionCrystallization is not just a process; it’s an essential art that plays a pivotal role in various industrial applications. This technique is the backbone of many industries, from pharmaceuticals to food production, where the need for purity and separation is paramount.

With the rapid development of industrialization, the issue of industrial wastewater discharge has become increasingly severe, posing a significant threat to the ecological environment and human health. Industrial wastewater contains complex components and a large number of toxic and harmful substanc

Vacuum evaporation has emerged as a critical technology in industrial wastewater treatment, offering innovative solutions for high-salinity wastewater, high-concentration wastewater, high-COD wastewater, electroplating wastewater, and challenging industrial waste streams such as MVR mother liquor.

In the context of increasing environmental regulations and the need for sustainable water management, Zero Liquid Discharge (ZLD) has emerged as a critical strategy for industrial wastewater treatment. Low-temperature evaporators and low-temperature crystallizers are key technologies in achieving ZL